Case Study 2: Phoolpati Chaudhary (34), Urma-7, Kailali.

Before starting riverbed farming, Ms. Chaudhary with her whole family earned hardly NRs. 12,000 annually by cultivating cereal crops on 4 kattha of own land and 5 kattha of shared land.

Case Study 4: Pano Devi Mukhiya, Bokraha-1, Siraha

Pano Devi Mukhiya, 35, resident of Bhokraha Village Development Committee ward no. 1, is an extremely poor woman. Her husband added insult to injury when he divorced Pano Devi and married another woman. She needed a company in order to ward off social stigma and increased vulnerability. Out of compulsion, then 25 years old Pano Devi chose to marry a 65-year-old man. The old man had 0.5 hectare of land.